Well, for starters dehydration synthesis is the reaction which provides us with the starch that is necessary for our body to work correctly. Just like that, there are many uses of dehydration synthesis and many ways to do it. Today we are going to answer the following questions: what is a dehydration reaction, what are its applications and how to perform its chemical reaction.
Dehydration synthesis occurs when there is a loss of water molecule for the formation of a larger molecule with the help of small reactants. Most of the dehydration synthesis that we see occur in nature forms a biological polymer where we get to see the addition of individual monomers along with the elimination of a single molecule of water. On the other hand, just like dehydration reaction condensation reaction works in the same way.
In a condensation reaction, two molecules come together to provide a new compound, and the water molecule present in between them gets lost to form a larger molecule. You can use dehydration and condensation interchangeably. This is the basic structure of amino acids given in the diagram, which is shown in a picture below. These acids have two functional groups and building blocks to the proteins that are present inside our body. The amino acid uses protein dehydration synthesis to give our body the required proteins so it can work properly.
Proteins are broken down by the enzymes trypsin, pepsin, peptidase and others. Lipids are broken down by lipases. Once the smaller metabolites that result from these hydrolytic enzymezes are absorbed by cells in the body, they are further broken down by other enzymes.
The breakdown of these macromolecules is an overall energy-releasing process and provides energy for cellular activities. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Biological Macromolecules. Search for:. Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules. Types of Biological Macromolecules Biological macromolecules, the large molecules necessary for life, include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
Learning Objectives Identify the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Key Takeaways Key Points Biological macromolecules are important cellular components and perform a wide array of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms. The four major classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Key Terms polymer : A relatively large molecule consisting of a chain or network of many identical or similar monomers chemically bonded to each other.
Dehydration Synthesis In dehydration synthesis, monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form polymers. Learning Objectives Explain dehydration or condensation reactions. Key Takeaways Key Points During dehydration synthesis, either the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer releasing a molecule of water, or two hydrogens from one monomer combine with one oxygen from the other monomer releasing a molecule of water.
The monomers that are joined via dehydration synthesis reactions share electrons and form covalent bonds with each other. As additional monomers join via multiple dehydration synthesis reactions, this chain of repeating monomers begins to form a polymer. Complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are all examples of polymers that are formed by dehydration synthesis.
Monomers like glucose can join together in different ways and produce a variety of polymers. Monomers like mononucleotides and amino acids join together in different sequences to produce a variety of polymers. Key Terms covalent bond : A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons. Hydrolysis Hydrolysis reactions result in the breakdown of polymers into monomers by using a water molecule and an enzymatic catalyst.
Learning Objectives Explain hydrolysis reactions. Key Takeaways Key Points Hydrolysis reactions use water to breakdown polymers into monomers and is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, which forms water when synthesizing a polymer from monomers. Hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy. Biological macromolecules are ingested and hydrolyzed in the digestive tract to form smaller molecules that can be absorbed by cells and then further broken down to release energy.
Key Terms enzyme : a globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction hydrolysis : A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond by the addition of water. Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Shared previously. How can an exchange reaction be represented by using letters?
What is a metabolism reaction? What is metabolism? Some metabolic reactions are called irreversible reactions. Note: This is a type of catabolic reaction the larger glucose molecule is broken down to smaller carbon dioxide molecules related to cellular energy production. In animal cells, such as humans, this is an irreversible reaction. Other metabolic reactions are called reversible reactions. This means that the reaction can proceed from substrates to product s or from product s back to substrates.
Note: When cells need energy, glycogen a larger molecule used as an energy store in some cells can be catabolized to smaller glucose molecules, which can then be further catabolized to provide energy for cell functions. When cells do not need as much energy, or when glucose levels are very high, glycogen is synthesized from the smaller glucose molecules.
For example, muscle cells synthesize glycogen when resting and catabolize glycogen when contracting. Which way this reversible reaction proceeds depends on body needs. In the body, synthesis reactions smaller molecules to larger molecule, requires energy and decomposition reactions larger molecule to smaller molecules, releases energy are often associated with the formation and breakdown of water molecules, respectively.
A dehydration synthesis reaction is a type of synthesis reaction that makes water as a byproduct. A hydrolysis reaction is a type of decomposition reaction that uses water. This can be confusing because water is made during dehydration synthesis. The larger product has been dehydrated lost the water.
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